In the Frame Relay equipment room, there were some Cascade
switches mounted in the racks doing Frame and ATM duty. These are boxes about
two feet high by a foot deep, filling a standard 19" rack, and they sport
modular plug-in cards with many connectors on each card. An unusual feature of
their installation at 611 Folsom was a Plexiglas shield wrapping around the back
to protect the connectors and their associated cables. The PacBell technician
told us that these switches were not originally intended as CO equipment by the
manufacturer, but instead were sold as "premise" equipment. Even
though each unit cost over $100,000 fully loaded, they weren't considered by the
phone company technicians to be in the same class as the fiber muxes or channel
banks elsewhere in the building. Why did they make that distinction?
All professions rely on certain tools and equipment as an
essential part of their business. The more critical the job at hand, the more
important it is to have dependable equipment. Determining the specifications for
such equipment often requires considerable experience in that field, and what
looks good to one industry may turn out to be inadequate for another. For
example, almost everyone at one time or another has needed a ladder for a
particular task, and there are a number of outlets available to purchase them,
such as garden shops, hardware stores, or even contractor supply houses.
There are numerous grades of ladders, from lightweight
models for occasional home-owner use to heavy-duty models which a roofer might
specify, and the prices range accordingly. However, if one sought the "best
extension ladder money could buy," they'd likely end up with a penultimate
ladder, unless they considered going straight to a manufacturer who builds
custom ladders for fire-fighters, as theirs are necessarily in a different
league than what most people envision.
In a similar vein, when the Boulder Dam was being
excavated (that's Hoover to us), Mack Truck built a number of "severe service"
dump trucks to carry away the rocks, which needed to operate in a harsh
environment where breakdowns could have dire consequences. Among other features,
the trucks had chain-drive rear ends, which not only yielded a tremendous gear
reduction, but also eliminated the likelihood of a snapped axle, which could
potentially set back the work for days if the disabled truck clogged up one of
the few available passages while it awaited repairs.
The Phone Company's specifications for their equipment is
likewise demanding. Everything must be able to be mounted on the equipment
racks, and all the cabling attaches at the rear in a serviceable manner. Most of
the boxes we saw employed hot-swapable cards and chassis, and redundant
components were designed-in where appropriate. 48 volt operation ensured that
the equipment could tap into the CO's battery banks, and critical equipment
usually features dual hot-swappable power supplies. Even the physical
construction of the boxes must be rugged enough to take the repeated insertions
and removals that a unit may see over its decade or more life span. And it goes
without saying that everything in a CO is seismically engineered to survive an
earthquake.
Most of the newer Frame Relay and ATM boxes are still in
the early years of their development, and the manufacturers generally sell most
of their products to private firms, not phone companies. In the eyes of the
telco community, any equipment not explicitly engineered for Central Office duty
falls under the lesser category of premise equipment, meaning a customer's
premise, where the equipment doesn't need to service a quarter-million users 24
hours a day, 365 days a year.
